![]() Our findings emphasize the need for extensive characterization of the function of the microbiome and resistome in remote nonwesternized populations before globalization of modern practices affects potentially beneficial bacteria harbored in the human body. AR genes are likely poised for mobilization and enrichment upon exposure to pharmacological levels of antibiotics. These results suggest that westernization significantly affects human microbiome diversity and that functional AR genes appear to be a feature of the human microbiome even in the absence of exposure to commercial antibiotics. Despite their isolation, presumably for >11,000 years since their ancestors arrived in South America, and no known exposure to antibiotics, they harbor bacteria that carry functional antibiotic resistance (AR) genes, including those that confer resistance to synthetic antibiotics and are syntenic with mobilization elements. These Yanomami harbor a microbiome with the highest diversity of bacteria and genetic functions ever reported in a human group. We characterize the fecal, oral, and skin bacterial microbiome and resistome of members of an isolated Yanomami Amerindian village with no documented previous contact with Western people. There is a need for RNA amplification and library preparation techniques that can be applied to pico-quantities of total RNA to properly understand the role of small RNA in diseases and cell development.Most studies of the human microbiome have focused on westernized people with life-style practices that decrease microbial survival and transmission, or on traditional societies that are currently in transition to westernization. Amplification and library preparation methods are restricted due to the limited template RNA, and small RNA profiles have been unable to be produced. However, these cells are limited in number, and are therefore difficult to dissect and analyze. Diseases in tissue often have trigger cells that directly contribute to the propagation of secondary cells, and these trigger cells have RNA which is of particular use in research. Currently, understanding of RNA is limited due to the scarcity of cells available to use in experimentation. The expression of certain RNA segments has been shown to determine the health of cells and whether they are likely to express diseased qualities. Please contact us for specific details.Ĭritical disease and cellular functions are closely linked to small RNAs such as miRNAs, endo-siRNAs and piRNAs. This technology is available via a standard negotiated license agreement. This library preparation of small RNA is the first to accomplish small RNA profiling and is more costĮffective than current methods. The efficiency of preparation and amplification allows for small segments of RNA from scarce cells to be appropriately analyzed along with longer RNA fragments, which is an improvement over other methods which require small and long RNAs to be amplified and profiled in separate experiments. The amplification requires only 500pg to 5ng for a template and can capture RNA of 15 nucleotides and longer. This system is the first of its kind to properly amplify small quantities of RNA as a template while still producing a highly efficient library. University of Minnesota researchers have developed an amplification method and library preparation process of pico-quantities of RNA. IP Status: Issued US Patent Application #: 15/100,784 Small RNA Profiling
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